Essay on Free Recall and Memory - 773 Words

In daily life, memory is used all the time. When we go to buy things, we would remember the list of items what we are going to buy. At school, we would also need to have revision in order to remember the materials for examination. Or even, when we meet friends, we would also need to recall their names. Thus it is important to know and understand how we remember such things so that we can effectively recall them when necessary. Obviously, we do not need to remember the exact position or order of things in daily life. We would have our own pattern for remember and retrieve information (Ashcraft, 2010). This is named as free recall, which items recalled in any order (Francis, Neath, MacKewn and Goldthwaite, 2004). However, many researchers†¦show more content†¦Theoretically, the primacy effect represents recall from long-term memory and the recency effect represent recall from short-term memory (Ashcraft, 2010). In general, people will have better memories for recency effect th an primacy effect. However, if people recall the first few items first, then the primacy effect will be greater than the recency effect. Thus it is important to know and understand how we remember such things so we can effectively recall them when necessary. Typically, we are not required to remember the exact order or position in which items were presented when recalling them. Stigler reported that a physicist Francis Nipher has first documented the serial position effect when he noted that he was better able to remember the first few and last few graphs and figures that were presented in a physics paper. Therefore, the initial observations on serial position effect may be owing to metacogitive judgment about the recallability of items in a series (Castel, 2008). Besides this, prior research has also demonstrated that serial recall is dependent on age. When performing free recall tasks, young adults tend to begin recall with items appearing at the end of the lists (Howard Kahana, 1999). In the immediate serial recall tasks (ISR), performance on ISR is characterized by extended primacy effects and small recency effects (Tan, 2008). Serial position effect is expected to generalizeShow MoreRelatedIs Our Justice System Fair?1157 Words   |  5 Pagesmeant to do? Or are there social factors and memory errors that come into play that can change a conviction outcome. In today’s court rooms we have, Defense attorneys, Prosecutors, judges, juries, evidence, forensics experts, witness testimonies, and of course the human memory. What better type of evidence than the human memory, right? Unfortunately, human memory is subject to the power of suggestion and unable to truly recall an event when told to recall. In other words, the story may not be the sameRead MoreChildren Visited The Laboratory For 3 Separate Sessions970 Words   |  4 Pagesbehavioral sessions and 1 MRI session) as part of a larger study, Hippocampal-Memory study. They completed structural and functional MRI scanning, and behavioral assessments of memory, executive function, general cognitive abilities, theory of mind, and IQ. Only data from the autobiographical memory task and the MRI scans are used in this paper. During the first behavioral session, while the child and researcher completed some memory and cognitive tasks, the parent or legal guardian of the child was askedRead MoreEffect of List Position on Free Recall Essay792 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom our memory. Sometimes the retrieval process is quite simple, while other times it seems to be almost impossible. An experiment was done to investigate the effect of list position on free recall. 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This study used a selectivity task where participantsRead MoreAdhd Case Study1043 Words   |  5 PagesIntelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and/or Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence - Second Edition (WASI-II) b. California Verbal Learning Test - Children’s Version (CVLT-C) c. Dots, Stories, and Faces subtests of the Children’s Memory Scale (CMS) 5) Participant’s parent or legal guardian completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) questionnaire. Location of Treatment The Florida Hospital Neuroscience Institute (FHNSI) is a regional referral facilityRead MoreA review of Roediger and McDermott (1995): Study of False Memories717 Words   |  3 PagesMcDermott (1995) The study of creation of false memories has been a topic of interest since the 1930s when Bartlett (1932) conducted the first experiment on the topic. 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